I am currently reading “The Greatest Show on Earth” by the evolutionary biologist and great science communicator Richard Dawkins(richarddawkins.net). There is a notable chapter on embryology in which the takeaway for me is that an embryo develops through the application of local rules imposed on its various cells over time. In layman’s terms, there is no such thing as a blueprint for, say, a bumble bee. Rather each cell in that bumble bee has a set of operating instructions which follow local rules that through a combined effort eventually build themselves into a bumble bee right from inception. No outside guiding hand, plan, or overseer required.
Another example of the local rule phenomenon is a school of fish swimming (or a flock of birds flying, bees swarming, etc) in coordination. There is no parade leader at the head of these swarms directing the numerous individuals on their actions. Instead, they follow a few rules like staying a certain distance from each other, facing the same general direction and maintaining a pace with their partners. This is what happens in the embryo but with much more complexity.
Embryos, flocks of birds, schools of fish, swarms of bees, etc. are all complex systems that adapt to their surroundings by following their respective sets of rules depending on the situation.
This phenomenon is a useful concept, I think, when analysing all manner of human behaviours in complex systems. Adaptability, I believe, is a key success factor. Tools be they management systems, software, cloud computing, etc. that celebrate our adaptability rather than rely on conformity will also be successful as will the organizations who use these tools appropriately.
-K